Quaternary Blends of Diesel, Biodiesel, Higher Alcohols and Vegetable Oil for CI Engine: A Review

Sunil Kumar Jakhar, Nidhi Singh, Pawan Kumar, Nikhil Saini, Nitin Dinodia

Bio Fuel, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, carbon monoxide (CO)

Biofuel production is seen in many countries around the world as an alternative fuel with less carbon footprint and GHG emission compared to the fossil fuels. Vegetable oils, biodiesel and alcohols are important alternative fuel resources for diesel engines. Prominent fuels of the three types include: soybean oil which has efficient amount of productivity, biodiesel made of waste oils which do not affect food security and alcohols with high number of carbons. There is potential to use quaternary blends of diesel fuel, waste oil methyl ester, soybean oil and higher alcohols, such as propanol and pentanol, in diesel engines for the purpose of increasing the use of biofuels and decreasing fossil fuel consumption. In this work, diesel fuel (D) was mixed with biodiesel (B), and biodiesel-vegetable oil (VO)-alcohol blends using the higher alcohols of propanol (Pro) and pentanol (Pen). Test fuel blends of DB (50 vol% D-50 vol% B), DBVO Pro (40 vol% D-40 vol% B-10 vol% VO-10 vol% Pro), DBVO Pen (40 vol% D-40 vol% B-10 vol% VO-10 vol% Pen) were prepared through the splash blending method and tested in a diesel engine.